Exploitation Of Natural Resources In The Mining Sector From The Perspective Of Islamic Law

Abstract

The exploitation of natural resources in the mining sector is one of the important pillars of economic development; however, on the other hand, it has the potential to cause environmental damage and social inequality if not managed properly. From the perspective of Islamic Law, the management of natural resources is not solely oriented toward economic utilization but must align with the principles of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, particularly in preserving the environment (ḥifẓ al-bī’ah) as part of safeguarding life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and property (ḥifẓ al-māl). This study aims to analyze the ethics of natural resource exploitation in mining activities based on Islamic Law principles and to assess the extent to which the concept of balance between development and environmental preservation can be realized. The research method used is normative legal research with a conceptual approach and a normative-theological approach, through studies of the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh maxims, and the opinions of scholars. The results of the study indicate that Islam emphasizes the principles of trusteeship, justice, public benefit, and the prohibition of ifsād fī al-arḍ (corruption on earth) as ethical foundations in mining management. Therefore, mining activities are permitted as long as they fulfill the principles of sustainability, do not cause excessive environmental damage, and provide fair benefits for society and future generations. This research affirms that Islamic Law offers a comprehensive ethical framework to achieve balanced sustainable development between economic interests and environmental preservation.