The Presentation of BISSU as the Fifth Gender and Their Tolerance in the Social Space within the Bugis Community

Abstract

This article discusses the role of Bissu as the fifth gender in Bugis-Makassar society and their tolerance within the social space. The main problem addressed is how the identity and social role of the Bissu interact with traditional gender norms and values, as well as the challenges they face amidst social stigma and cultural change. Gender diversity in Indonesia, particularly within Bugis society, reveals a complex understanding where the Bissu serve as a meeting point between binary and non-binary gender identities. The purpose of this research is to analyse the contribution of the Bissu in preserving culture and tradition, as well as to delve into the complex gender relations within a society often trapped in binary views. Through this research, it is hoped to reveal how Bissu function within the broader social structure and how they define themselves in a changing society. This research uses a qualitative method with a sociological approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The data collected provides insights into how the Bugis-Makassar community is beginning to show openness and tolerance towards gender diversity. This is done despite the challenges posed by religious norms and social stigma that still exist in the daily lives of the Bissu.The research findings indicate that the Bissu are respected as guardians of social harmony and intermediaries between the human and spiritual worlds. This discovery highlights the importance of recognising and appreciating gender diversity in Indonesian society and invites readers to consider how collective norms can change as awareness of human rights and gender equality increases.